The Great Lakes State is known for its museums and historical sites, Detroit’s urban art, and the serene shores of Michigan’s Upper Peninsula.

If you’re considering turning your primary residence into a vacation haven or have an apartment unit you wish to advertise on VRBO or Airbnb, learn how to get the most from your tax deductions on short-term rentals.

What’s considered a short-term rental?

A short-term rental (STR) is a home or unit leased to individuals for fewer than 30 consecutive days. Most people use Airbnb to advertise their property, collect and remit taxes, and provide a log of earnings. 

When should I report the rental income for my short-term rental?

The U.S. tax year typically commences on January 1 and concludes on December 31, with annual individual tax filings expected by April 15. Remember, any rental income you earn is subject to taxation.

Do I always need to report rental income?

According to the 14-day rule, if you rent out your property for 14 days or less during the tax year, you don’t need to report the rental income on your tax return, and you may not deduct rental expenses.

How do I report rental income for my short-term rentals?

To report earnings on your vacation rental property, use either the Schedule E Form 1040 or the Form 1040-SR, designed for seniors aged 65 and older.

Follow these steps to report rental income using a Schedule E 1040 Form.

Step 1: Gather the proper forms

Make sure you gather all the required forms for Schedule E. These forms are essential for reporting your rental income and any related expenses accurately. By ensuring you have all the necessary paperwork, you can streamline the process of reporting your earnings and deductions during tax time.

Step 2: Determine if the structure of your business is active or passive

In rental property ownership, it’s essential to determine if you are earning an active or passive income stream. This will help you list your deductible expenses.

Passive income typically involves minimal effort in leasing out properties, while active income entails hands-on guest services management that qualifies as a business.

Step 3: Reporting rental income with a Schedule E (Form 1040)

If you list your vacation property on Airbnb, send a W-9 Form to Airbnb. If you skip this step, the company can legally withhold 28% of your rental income for taxes during the entire tax year. 

Your actual tax liability on rental income will be less than 28%. Once you’ve submitted the W-9 Form to Airbnb, report your earnings and deductible expenses on your 1040 Tax Form.

Explore our guide for more detailed information on how to report your rental income using a Schedule E 1040 Form.

Key tax deductions for short-term rentals

Homeowners can deduct various expenses, including certain depreciation deductions, mortgage interest rates, and other relevant rental costs. Consulting with a tax professional is highly recommended to ensure you identify and take advantage of all available tax benefits.

Here’s a breakdown of potential deductions you might qualify for, whether you’re earning passive income or actively managing rental operations:

• Real estate mortgage
• Travel expenses
• Rental expenses
• Maintenance deductions
• Business expenses

Michigan residents may qualify for the state’s Homestead Property Tax Credit, which can help them pay some of their property taxes if they are qualified Michigan homeowners or renters and meet the requirements. They should complete the Michigan Homestead Property Tax Credit Claim MI-1040CR to see if they qualify for the credit.

FAQ: Short-term rental property tax deductions in Michigan